LED screens to have two layers of glass on both sides of a set of addressable LEDs. In LCDs, light has to pass two linear polarizers, either in the crossed or parallel-aligned configuration. An ideal linear polarizer absorbs half of the incoming unpolarized light. The key limitation to see-through LCD efficiency is its linear polarizing filters. LCD displays often also require removing a diffuser layer to adapt them for use as transparent displays. An alternative approach to commercializing this technology is to offer conventional back-lit display systems without the backlight system. As of 2016, they were being produced by Samsung, LG, and MMT, with a number of vendors offering products based on OEM systems from these manufacturers. Samsung released a specifically see-through designed 22-inch panel in 2011. Small scale see-through LCDs have been commercially available for some time, but only recently have vendors begun to offer units with sizes comparable to LCD televisions and displays. LCDs intended specifically for see-through displays are usually designed to have improved transmission efficiency. Unlike LED see-through displays, LCD see-throughs do not produce their own light but only modulate incoming light. Conventional LCDs have relatively low transmission efficiency due to the use of polarizers so that they tend to appear somewhat dim against natural light. This technique is so easy to set-up it can be replicated using a sheet of plastic and a smartphone.Īn LCD panel can be made "see-through" without applied voltage when a twisted nematic LCD is fitted with crossed polarizers. The most common use of see-through displays is the Pepper's ghost illusion, using a see through mirror and a high-brightness LCD display. How it works Ī device using a semi-reflective glass panel and a screen to create a see-through display Prodisplay used both OLED and LCD technology, but no longer makes transparent OLED displays. Samsung and Planar Systems previously made transparent OLED displays but discontinued them in 2016. This display technology was used by Valtra in 2017 to develop its SmartGlass Head-Up Display on tractors. LUMINEQ transparent displays manufactured by Beneq are Thin Film Electroluminescent Displays enabled by Atomic layer deposition (ALD). LG, Prodisplay, and taptl, for example, use conventional LCD technology. In the later part of the 2010s, transparent OLEDs started to appear. LG demonstrated a transparent LCD in 2015. Not long after, UK-based Crystal Display Systems began to sell transparent LCDs remanufactured from conventional LCD displays. Samsung released their first transparent LCD in late 2011, and Planar published a report on a prototype electroluminescent transparent display in 2012. An early commercial transparent display was the Sony Ericsson Xperia Pureness released in 2009, although it did not succeed in the market due to the screen not being visible outside or in brightly lit rooms.
The development of practical transparent displays accelerated rapidly around the end of first decade of the 21st century.
Emissive display technologies achieve partial transparency either by interspersing invisibly small opaque emitter elements with transparent areas or by being partially transparent. Some display systems combine both absorptive and emissive devices to overcome the limitations inherent to either one. Absorptive devices work by selectively reducing the intensity of the light passing through the display, while emissive devices selectively add to the light passing through the display. Transparent displays embed the active matrix of the display in the field of view, which generally allows them to be more compact than combination-based systems.īroadly, there are two types of underlying transparent display technology, absorptive (chiefly LCDs) and emissive (chiefly electroluminescent, including LEDs and "high-field" emitters). They should be distinguished from image-combination systems which achieve visually similar effects by optically combining multiple images in the field of view. The main applications of this type of display are in head-up displays, augmented reality systems, digital signage, and general large-scale spatial light modulation. A see-through display or transparent display is an electronic display that allows the user to see what is shown on the screen while still being able to see through it.
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